Unfortunately there is no train/railway station at Jacksonville Airport.   You can however take a bus transfer or taxi into downtown Jacksonville where you can make a connection to the Railway Station there.

The shuttle bus is operated by AirJTA and runs from just outside the arrivals area/baggage reclaim.  The bus will take you to downtown Jacksonville in 30 minutes for $3.

Once in downtown Jacksonville you can also use The Skyway Monorail which operates around the town and is 2.5 miles long and starts at the Convention Center Station at one end and at the opposite end across the river to the Southbank.

From the Train Station you can make a connection to New York and also to Miami.  Miami is approximately 350 miles south of Jacksonville.

The Amtrak Station is situated at 3570 Clifford Lane, Jacksonville.

The train route for Miami is : Jacksonville - Palatka - DeLand (for Daytona Beach) - Winter Park - Orlando (for Disney) - Kissimmee - Waldo (for Gainseville) - Ocala (for Silver Springs) - Wildwood - Dade City - Lakeland - Tampa - Winter Haven - Sebring - Okeechobee - West Palm Beach - Delray Beach - Deerfield Beach - Fort Lauderdale - Hollywood - Miami (for the Keys)

Check the Amtrak website for times: www.amtrak.com

It is recommended to arrive at the Station at least 30 minutes before your train is due to depart.  If you require assistance with luggage, use only authorised Red Cap attendants at the station.  Do not let anyone else help with your luggage or bags.

The other train station in Jacksonville is the Union Station which is now the Prime F. Osborn III Convention Center and hasn't operated as a railway station since 1974, so don't get the two mixed up it's the Amtrak station that you need.